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Toribio MIranda played a crucial role in the indigenous struggle against the "colonial" dimensión of the Bolivian state and the haciendas during the first half of the twentieth century. My research shows the role thes Uru activist in the network of Apoderados in the 1920s and delves into the emergence of the indigenous network of "Alcaldes Mayores Particulares" (AMP)and their discourse of Indian LAw. I explore the making of an indigenous activist and analyze the strategies that Miranda used in the era before the 1952 revolution. I evaluete the historical contex that produced the figure of Toribio Miranda an review his political discourse, which was based on Uru and Aymara ideas. I also dicuss the importance of Andean religion in constructing the idea of a multi-ethnic Qullasuyo. From 1920 to 1940, Miranda traveled extensively between the communities and ayllus of Oruro and northern Potosí and the valleys of Chuquisaca and Cochabamba to organize indigenous people, with a special emphasis on hecienda peons. Miranda elaborated an discourse based on the oral tradition of devotion to the Mother Earth (Pachamama) and to the other deities of the Andead world. He was among the first to emphasize Inidan education and eventually organized autonomous indigenois schools. His successive wuves (or t'allas) played important roles in his activism, building up joint leadership and supporting his ideas about multi-ethnicity. Toribio Miranda was a leading figure in the long hisptorical trajectory that created the current estado plyurinacional de Bolivia. (AU)^ies |
